Principles of Working Solar Panels / Solar Cells
Sunlight consists of very small particles called photons. When exposed to sunlight, photons, which are particles of sunlight, hit the Solar Cell's silicon semiconductor atoms, causing energy large enough to separate electrons from their atomic structure. The separate and negatively charged electrons (-) will be free to move in the conduction band area of the semiconductor material. Atoms that lose the Electrons will be emptied in their structure, the void is called a "hole" with a Positive charge (+). The area of this free electron semiconductor is negative and acts as an electron donor. This semiconductor area is called N-type Semiconductor. While the semiconductor area with Hole is positive and acts as an electron receiver (Acceptor) called the P-type Semiconductor. At the intersection of Positive and Negative regions (PN Junction), it will cause energy which pushes electrons and holes to move in the opposite direction. The electrons will move away from the Negative area while the Hole will move away from the Positive area. When given a load in the form of lights or other electrical devices in this Positive and Negative Junction (PN Junction), it will cause an Electric Current.
